Производството на железни блокове

Графичката
The liquid iron that flows out of the blast furnace, known as hot iron at this stage, undergoes further processing to adjust its chemical composition. In a basic oxygen furnace or an electric arc furnace, impurities such as silicon, manganese, and phosphorus are reduced to the required levels, and alloying elements are added to achieve specific properties. This refining process is crucial for произвеждащи графици с постоянно качество .
The refined liquid iron is transported to the casting facility, where it is poured into ingot molds. These molds are typically made of cast iron or steel and come in various sizes and shapes, with the most common being rectangular or trapezoidal, to meet different industrial needs. Before pouring, the molds are preheated to prevent rapid cooling from causing structural defects in the Ingots .
During the casting process, the liquid iron fills the mold from the bottom up to minimize turbulence and entrained gases. The metal solidifies from the outside in, forming a gradually thickening shell towards the center. This directional solidification helps eliminate porosity and ensures a uniform grain structure. Modern facilities often use continuous casting processes, which are more efficient and consistent than traditional static casting. In continuous casting, the molten iron flows into water-cooled copper molds, where it solidifies into continuous billets. These billets are then cut to the desired lengths by oxy-fuel cutting machines or mechanical shears, resulting in ingots with minimal internal defects and precise dimensions.
After solidification, the ingots are removed from the molds and cooled in a controlled environment to prevent thermal stress and cracking. Subsequently, the ingots may undergo surface cleaning to remove the oxide scale or impurities formed during casting. Finally, the ingots are subject to quality inspection, marked for traceability, and prepared for transportation to downstream manufacturing plants, where they will be rolled, изкопани или преработени в различни железни и стоманени продукти .